This course is a sequel to PHYSD 1501 that builds on the physiological foundations developed during the preceding quarter. The course presents the function, mechanism of action, regulation and integration of the respiratory, renal and gastrointestinal organ systems that maintain body homeostasis through fluid, electrolyte, acid-base and nutritional balance. The endocrine and reproductive physiology sections of the course present the function, mechanism of action and feedback regulation of hormonal systems. Small group discussions continue to refine critical thinking and problem-solving skills as the students identify the physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the signs and symptoms described in clinical case studies.