Pharmacy Practice

Degrees and Certificates

Courses

PHIDD 1500: Integrated Sequence Foundations

Credits 3.5

This course introduces basic biotechnology and pharmacogenomic concepts, Laboratory Values, Pediatric and Geriatric Populations, Measuring Renal Function, and provides a review of the functional groups found in drug molecules and their properties. Intersplicing these disciplines, mimics what occurs in the Integrated Sequence courses. Key to your success is learning the language/terminology associated with biotechnology, pharmacogenomics, pharmacotherapeutics, and medicinal chemistry and applying that knowledge to the drugs and disease states presented in the integrated sequence courses.

PHIDD 1710 : Integrated Sequence X

Credits 5.0

This course sequence develops students' knowledge, skills, abilities, behaviors and attitudes necessary to demonstrate self-awareness, leadership, innovation and entrepreneurship, and professionalism through their life-long career. Continuing professional development model (CPD) will be the framework for the course. Required and elective activities may be offered and students will record and reflect on these activities in their electronic portfolio.

PPRAD 1301: Special Project or Research

Credits 1.0 3.00
This course provides an opportunity for PS-I, PS-II, and PS-III students to work with individual faculty mentors on projects of variable scope. Included activities could be library, laboratory, and/or survey-type research; assistance with syllabus development of future elective courses; or other activities agreed on between the student and mentor and approved by the appropriate department chair. A maximum of 4 credits of PPRAD or PSCID 1301 may be applied toward elective requirements for the Pharm.D. degree.

PPRAD 1302: Community Service

Credits 1.0
Through hands-on involvement in a community service project and discussions with community leaders, the student will be better prepared to provide pharmaceutical care to a wider segment of the population. The issues addressed may include understanding the role of physical or mental disabilities, cultural sensitivity, language barriers, and alternative medicines in providing quality pharmaceutical care. This course includes development and implementation of a service project or participation in a project currently sponsored by the University. Permission of the instructor is required.

PPRAD 1303: Principles of Acute Care

Credits 2.0
The course emphasizes the skills and knowledge necessary to perform well in an acute care general medicine setting. The student will practice problem based learning in a team learning environment to devise appropriate therapeutic plans for disease states and clinical controversies commonly encountered in acute care practice. Instructors will utilize patient cases and interactive teaching methods.

PPRAD 1306: Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacy

Credits 2.0
This course introduces students to issues associated with the provision of veterinary-focused pharmacy services. It provides a foundation for pharmacists interested in providing care for species other than humans. Pharmacology, unique physiologic and pharmacokinetic differences will be emphasized. Management and prevention of common diseases will be discussed.

PPRAD 1309: Pediatric Pharmacotherapy

Credits 2.0
This course focuses on issues related to the treatment and care of pediatric patients. By following mock patients from birth through their adolescence, the elective is designed to introduce the students to common illnesses, drug delivery systems used for pediatric patients, and current controversies in pediatric care. Students have the opportunity to select topics of intent that will be covered in a portion of the course.

PPRAD 1314: Women's Health

Credits 2.0
This elective concentrates on specific issues related to the optimal delivery of women's health care. Topics covered include sex related differences in treating women, wellness and prevention over the female life span, diseases uniquely affecting women, and pharmacotherapy and psychosocial aspects of women's health. Interactive lectures, group projects, and workshops will educate students about practical considerations in the health care of women. Community service will be encouraged.

PPRAD 1315: Advanced Clinical Diabetes Management

Credits 2.0
This course will focus on advanced topics in the management of diabetes. Students will have the opportunity to practice application of the material through patient cases and hands-on experiences. Topics discussed will include a review of the classifications and diagnosis of diabetes, non-insulin and insulin therapies, cardiovascular outcomes trials and updates in primary literature, complications of diabetes, and a review of the devices available in the management of diabetes.

PPRAD 1316: Advanced Infectious Diseases

Credits 2.0
This course expands students' knowledge and skills in area of infectious diseases and antimicrobial pharmacotherapy. A case-based approach will be utilized to foster an interactive learning experience. Students will build upon their current knowledge of infectious diseases and antimicrobials through case-related discussions and debates utilizing current guidelines, evidence-based primary literature, institutional policies and procedures, and expert opinions from guest facilitators.

PPRAD 1322: Tobacco Cessation

Credits 1.0
This course will enable students to gain the knowledge and skills necessary to provide comprehensive tobacco cessation counseling to patients who use tobacco. Topics of emphasis include epidemiology of tobacco use, principles of addition, methods of assisting patients with quitting, and available tobacco cessation products.

PPRAD 1324: Spirituality and Health

Credits 2.0
Students enhance their patient care skills by examining the relationship between spirituality and health, learn the role of spirituality and religion in health care, and examine issues related to the interaction between spiritual outlook and compliance with medical treatment. Faculty and expert guest presenters lead discussions on how belief systems affect patients' perception of health, necessary spiritual considerations in patient care, therapeutic dilemmas produced by spiritual beliefs, and resources available to the health care team.

PPRAD 1327: Therapeutic Issues in Critical Care

Credits 2.0
In the critical care setting, pharmacists have a unique role on multidisciplinary medical teams through their expertise in pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and drug information. This course introduces students to select disease states encountered in the intensive care unit setting as well as current controversies regarding the clinical management of these patients. The therapeutic management of critically ill patients will be discussed using case study, interactive methods and lecture formats.

PPRAD 1338: Epidemiologic Investigation of Medication Use

Credits 2.0
Epidemiologic methods are increasingly used for questions not easily found answered through traditional clinical research pathways (e.g., randomized trials). Given health care's emphasis on evidence-based practice and population-based care, a firm understanding of epidemiologic principles is necessary for health care professionals. This course will introduce students to the population-oriented approach of epidemiology and its application to examining the use and effects of medications, as well as practice evaluation.

PPRAD 1339: Anticoagulation in Clinical Practice

Credits 2.0
This course will explore anticoagulation in both the inpatient and outpatient settings through lecture, patient cases, and hands-on experiences. Students will develop a working knowledge and skill set required to provide pharmacy-managed anticoagulation services. Topics will include a review of currently available oral and parenteral anticoagulants as well as those in the pipeline, consideration in anticoagulation for special populations, and advanced therapeutic issues.

PPRAD 1341: Advanced Cardiology

Credits 2.0
This course reviews cardiovascular diseases for those students interested in cardiology. New topics (e.g. valvular disease) will be introduced, and previous topics discussed in required courses will be further augmented. Topics will focus on diagnostics and procedures, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, and the role of the cardiology pharmacist. Active learning strategies and high-fidelity simulations are highly employed.

PPRAD 1342: Postgraduate Training Opportunities for Pharmacists

Credits 1.0
The course reviews pharmacists' postgraduate training and educational opportunities with a focus on pharmacy residencies. Topics include, but are not limited to, the residency application process, types of available residencies and fellowships, and careers available after postgraduate training. Students will also be expected to create a high-quality curriculum vitae (CV) and letter of intent, which are standard components of most residency and fellowship application packages.

PPRAD 1345: Statistical Applications in Pharmacy Research

Credits 2.0
This course will help students develop the skills necessary to analyze data, interpret the results of those analyses, and produce meaningful reports based on those analyses. Statistical techniques related to describing and visualizing data, comparing means, nonparametric tests, categorical data analysis, and regression modeling procedures will be presented in the course. Students will also be introduced to basic principles of data management, such as data file preparation, data manipulation, and recoding.

PPRAD 1347: Clinical Trials in Ambulatory Care

Credits 2.0
This course focuses on reviewing the clinical trial data that support therapeutic recommendations in ambulatory care. Students in this course critically evaluate clinical trials to reinforce skills in interpreting clinical trial data, practice applying the data to patient cases to support therapeutic recommendations, and identifying the rationale for current therapeutic guidelines.

PPRAD 1348: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Across Cultures

Credits 1.0
This course is focused on health promotion and disease prevention in ethnic minority groups. The goal of the course is to augment concepts taught in the curriculum with an emphasis on developing critical thinking skills in the setting of a health screening event in the community. Active learning techniques will be used during class time to improve students' knowledge, skills, and self-confidence when: (1) performing cardiometabolic screenings (e.g. cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure) and (2) providing cross-cultural communication with patients' from different backgrounds.

PPRAD 1350: Pharmacy and Therapeutics Competition

Credits 2.0
This course is offered in conjunction with the annual AMCP Foundation Pharmacy and Therapeutics Competition. Using the AMCP formulary dossier format and a drug selected annually by AMCP, students prepare a drug monograph, develop an economic model and make a formulary recommendation for this designated drug for a simulated health plan. Students work in teams of four and present their recommendations to a judging panel. The top scoring team progress to the national competition.

PPRAD 1510: Professional Development I

Credits 1.0
This course sequence develops students' knowledge, skills, abilities, behaviors and attitudes necessary to demonstrate self-awareness, leadership, innovation and entrepreneurship, and professionalism through their life-long career. Continuing professional development model (CPD) will be the framework for the course. Required and elective activities may be offered and students will record and reflect on these activities in their electronic portfolio.

PPRAD 1521: Healthcare Systems

Credits 3.0
This course describes elements and forces affecting the organization, delivery, and financing of healthcare services in the United States. It explores major historical, social, economic, and political aspects of our health care system. Strengths and weaknesses of the system, including possible options for mitigating the latter, are identified.

PPRAD 1525: Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice

Credits 3.0
This course introduces the student to the practice of pharmacy through lectures and workshops and provides them with skills needed to participate in future Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences. Students learn basic principles of pharmacy practice necessary for any practice setting, including pharmacy law, informatic, prescription process, and the pharmacists' patient care process. Students will be expected to demonstrate patient interviewing and drug information skills.

PPRAD 1531: Introductory to Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE): Community

Credits 6.0
This experience provides an opportunity for students to participate in basic patient care and distribution services in a community practice setting. Students gain experience in community pharmacy practice including the areas of professional communication, drug information, patient counseling for prescription and OTC medications, medication distribution, extemporaneous products, and application of federal and state pharmacy laws.

PPRAD 1532: Pharmacotherapeutics I

Credits 3.0
Pharmacotherapeutics is a sequence of six courses emphasizing the safe, effective, and evidence-based use of drugs. The course sequence focuses on the pharmacists' patient care process through lectures with embedded individual and group learning activities.

PPRAD 1533: Pharmacy Practice Development & Evaluation I

Credits 3.0
This is the first course in a two-course series introducing students to concepts important for the development and evaluation of pharmacy practice activities. Students will be exposed to basic management principles relevant to pharmacy practice and will learn about the role of quality improvement in both health care and pharmacy practice. In addition to traditional lectures, students will participate in hands-on activities and group projects related to management and quality topics.

PPRAD 1543: Institutional Pharmacy Practice

Credits 2.5
This course will introduce students to the practice of pharmacy in institutional settings, focusing on hospitals and other acute care settings. The use, preparation, and regulations of parenteral medications will be described. In addition, students will learn about other issues surrounding the safe and effective use of medications in the institutional setting, including medication safety, accreditation and computerized physician order entry systems.

PPRAD 1544: Introduction to Health-Systems Pharmacy Practice

Credits 2.5
This course will introduce students to the practice of pharmacy in health-systems. The use, preparation, distribution and regulation of medications will be described. An emphasis will be placed on sterile compounding and hazardous parenteral medications. Students will be introduced to health-system pharmacy operations, the medication use system, technology (including electronic health records) and principles of safety and quality.

PPRAD 1551: Cultural Care and Public Health

Credits 1.0
In this course students will understand concepts related to cultural care through self-awareness, cultural sensitivity, cultural adaptability, and respect for others. This course will also focus on key public health concepts related to the role of pharmacists in disease prevention, health promotion, and health equity. Concepts of health disparities, social determinants of health, health belief models, health literacy, and constructs of culturally competent care will be introduced to promote equitable healthcare delivery for all.

PPRAD 1552: Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery

Credits 1.0
In this course, students will develop the knowledge and skills necessary to provide immunization services to patients through self-study, lectures, workshop and simulation. The course incorporates APhA's Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery certificate training program to prepare students to provide care that promotes disease prevention and public health.

PPRAD 1560: Healthcare Systems

Credits 3.0
This course describes elements and forces affecting the organization, delivery, and financing of health care services in the United States. It explores major historical, social, economic, and political aspects of our health care system. Strengths and weaknesses of the system, including possible options for mitigating the latter, are identified.

PPRAD 1561: Pharmacy Practice Development and Evaluation I

Credits 2.5
This four-course sequence is designed to help students develop the knowledge and skills necessary to maximize patient and population health outcomes through the management of pharmacy services and promotion of optimal medication use. Students will participate in hands-on activities and complete projects related to literature evaluation, pharmacy service development, practice evaluation, and quality improvement.

PPRAD 1571: Clinical Skills Development I

Credits 3.5
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1572: Clinical Skills Development II

Credits 3.5
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1573: Clinical Skills Development III

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1574: Clinical Skills Development IV

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1610: Professional Development II

Credits 1.0
This course sequence develops students' knowledge, skills, abilities, behaviors and attitudes necessary to demonstrate self-awareness, leadership, innovation and entrepreneurship, and professionalism through their life-long career. Continuing professional development model (CPD) will be the framework for the course. Required and elective activities may be offered and students will record and reflect on these activities in their electronic portfolio.

PPRAD 1632: Pharmacy Practice Development and Evaluation II

Credits 3.0
This four-course sequence is designed to help students develop the knowledge and skills necessary to maximize patient and population health outcomes through the management of pharmacy services and promotion of optimal medication use. Students will participate in hands-on activities and complete projects related to literature evaluation, pharmacy service development, practice evaluation, and quality improvement.

PPRAD 1633: Pharmacy Practice Development and Evaluation III

Credits 3.0
This four-course sequence is designed to help students develop the knowledge and skills necessary to maximize patient and population health outcomes through the management of pharmacy services and promotion of optimal medication use. Students will participate in hands-on activities and complete projects related to literature evaluation, pharmacy service development, practice evaluation, and quality improvement.

PPRAD 1634: Pharmacy Practice Development and Evaluation IV

Credits 2.0
This four-course sequence is designed to help students develop the knowledge and skills necessary to maximize patient and population health outcomes through the management of pharmacy services and promotion of optimal medication use. Students will participate in hands-on activities and complete projects related to literature evaluation, pharmacy service development, practice evaluation, and quality improvement.

PPRAD 1651: IPPE Longitudinal I

Credits 2.0
A three course sequence designed to provide students opportunities to communicate, deliver patient care, and develop drug information skills. Emphasis will be placed on the changing needs of patients and ensuring continuity of care. These courses will not only provide students opportunities to apply didactic knowledge to patients, but will also cultivate their affective attributes necessary to becoming a caring pharmacist.

PPRAD 1652: IPPE Longitudinal II

Credits 1.0
A three course sequence designed to provide students opportunities to communicate, deliver patient care, and develop drug information skills. Emphasis will be placed on the changing needs of patients and ensuring continuity of care. These courses will not only provide students opportunities to apply didactic knowledge to patients, but will also cultivate their affective attributes necessary to becoming a caring pharmacist.

PPRAD 1653: IPPE Longitudinal III

Credits 1.5
A three course sequence designed to provide students opportunities to communicate, deliver patient care, and develop drug information skills. Emphasis will be placed on the changing needs of patients and ensuring continuity of care. These courses will not only provide students opportunities to apply didactic knowledge to patients, but will also cultivate their affective attributes necessary to becoming a caring pharmacist.

PPRAD 1656: Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience: Health Systems (1/2 of the class)

Credits 3.0
This course will provide students an opportunity to participate in basic patient care and distribution services in a health system setting. Students will gain practical experience in health systems including the areas of professional and patient communication, drug information, medication distribution systems, sterile product preparation, interprofessional activities, and application of federal and state pharmacy laws.

PPRAD 1661: Pharmacotherapeutics II

Credits 4.5
Pharmacotherapeutics is a sequence of six courses emphasizing the safe, effective, and evidence-based use of drugs. The course sequence focuses on the pharmacists' patient care process through lectures with embedded individual and group learning activities.

PPRAD 1662: Pharmacotherapeutics III

Credits 5.5
Pharmacotherapeutics is a sequence of six courses emphasizing the safe, effective, and evidence-based use of drugs. The course sequence focuses on the pharmacists' patient care process through lectures with embedded individual and group learning activities.

PPRAD 1663: Pharmacotherapeutics IV

Credits 4.5
Pharmacotherapeutics is a sequence of six courses emphasizing the safe, effective, and evidence-based use of drugs. The course sequence focuses on the pharmacists' patient care process through lectures with embedded individual and group learning activities.

PPRAD 1670: IPPE Clinical Skills & Simulation I

Credits 3.0
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1671: Evidence-Based Pharmacy Practice

Credits 3.0
This course introduces students to the knowledge and skills necessary to construct sound pharmacotherapeutic recommendations via thorough retrieval and evaluation of best available clinical evidence. The course will focus on developing primary literature evaluation and critical thinking skills, so that students can use evidence to formulate drug information responses and patient care recommendations. Individual and group activities will include literature searching, literature evaluation, problem solving skills, and practice of verbal and written communication skills.

PPRAD 1675: Clinical Skills Development V

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1676: Clinical Skills Development VI

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1677: Clinical Skills Development VII

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1681: Clinical Skills I

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1682: Clinical Skills II

Credits 2.5
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1683: Clinical Skills III

Credits 2.5
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1691: Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience-Community

Credits 6.0
This experience provides an opportunity for students to participate in basic patient care and distribution services in a community practice setting. Students gain experience in community pharmacy practice including the areas of professional communication, drug information, patient counseling for prescription and OTC medications, medication distribution, extemporaneous products, and application of federal and state pharmacy laws.

PPRAD 1692: Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience-Health Systems/Institutional

Credits 6.0
This experience provides students an opportunity to participate in basic patient care and distribution services in a health system setting. Students will gain practical experience in health systems including the areas of professional and patient communication, medication order processing and verification, medication reconciliation, medication error prevention, medication distribution systems, sterile product preparation, hospital formulary management, interprofessional activities, and application of federal and state pharmacy laws.

PPRAD 1714: Professional Development IV

Credits 1.0
This course sequence develops students' knowledge, skills, abilities, behaviors and attitudes necessary to demonstrate self-awareness, leadership, innovation and entrepreneurship, and professionalism through their life-long career. Continuing professional development model (CPD) will be the framework for the course. Required and elective activities may be offered and students will record and reflect on these activities in their electronic portfolio.

PPRAD 1741: Pharmacy Practice Development & Evaluation II

Credits 3.0
This second course of a two-course series continues the introduction of students to concepts important for the development and evaluation of pharmacy practice activities. Students will learn basic skills necessary to evaluate programs and services. These skills will build on earlier principles related to evaluation of drug therapy outcomes at the patient level by translating that thinking to economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes at the population level. Various evaluation and outcome frameworks will be introduced.

PPRAD 1761: Pharmacotherapeutics V

Credits 5.0
Pharmacotherapeutics is a sequence of six courses emphasizing the safe, effective, and evidence-based use of drugs. The course sequence focuses on the pharmacists' patient care process through lectures with embedded individual and group learning activities.

PPRAD 1762: Pharmacotherapeutics VI

Credits 4.0
Pharmacotherapeutics is a sequence of six courses emphasizing the safe, effective, and evidence-based use of drugs. The course sequence focuses on the pharmacists' patient care process through lectures with embedded individual and group learning activities.

PPRAD 1771: IPPE Clinical Skills & Simulation II

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1772: IPPE Clinical Skills & Simulation III

Credits 3.0
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1773: Pharmacy Law & Ethics

Credits 3.0
This course examines laws and ethical concepts controlling and guiding the practice of pharmacy in Illinois and the United States. Detailed analyses will be made of the following regulations and associated rules: Illinois Pharmacy Practice Act; Illinois Controlled Substances Act; Federal Controlled Substances Act; and Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Additional state and federal laws affecting pharmacy practice will be considered as appropriate. Case law and scenarios will be used to facilitate student learning.

PPRAD 1774: Pharmacy Law & Ethics

Credits 3.0
This course provides an examination of the laws and ethical concepts guiding pharmacy practice. Relevant federal, state, and local laws, as well as their associated rules and regulations, affecting pharmacy practice will be reviewed in detail. Case law and scenarios will be discussed in class to assist students in applying the law to practice.

PPRAD 1775: Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Credits 3.0
This course focuses on the application of pharmacokinetic principles for the purpose of optimizing drug therapy. Lectures and workshops are used to teach the following principles: effects of disease and drug-drug interactions on pharmacokinetic parameters, initial loading and maintenance dosage regimen calculations, dosage adjustment for linear and nonlinear drugs, interplay between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, effects of extracorporeal elimination, and interpretation of serum drug concentrations. This is an integrated course that consists of didactic lectures, "bug quizzes," and homework based on online self-study assignments. A basic knowledge of infectious agents and clinical microbiology is provided so that students can understand etiological agents, relevant diseases, and the clinical signs and symptoms of those diseases based on the organ system. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interaction between the host and pathogenic microorganisms including epidemiology.

PPRAD 1778: Clinical Skills Development VIII

Credits 2.0
In this course sequence, students will develop knowledge and skills necessary for the practice of pharmacy through lectures, workshop, simulation, self-assessment, and self-study. Using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, medication administration, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices, these courses develop skills in communication and optimization of drug therapy through the steps of the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1780: PharmD Seminar

Credits 4.0
This course reviews pharmacy-related concepts and clinical reasoning skills to prepare them to be successful, competent pharmacists that are able to contribute meaningfully to the profession. Topics covered will systematically address the NAPLEX® Competency Statements: Obtain, Interpret, or Assess Data, Medical, or Patient Information; Identify Drug Characteristics; Develop or Manage Treatment Plans; Perform Calculations; Compound, Dispense, or Administer Drugs, or Manage Delivery Systems; Develop or Manage Practice or Medication-Use Systems to Ensure Safety and Quality. This four-course sequence is designed to help students develop the knowledge and skills necessary to maximize patient and population health outcomes through the management of pharmacy services and promotion of optimal medication use. Students will participate in hands-on activities and complete projects related to literature evaluation, pharmacy service development, practice evaluation, and quality improvement.

PPRAD 1781: Clinical Skills IV

Credits 2.5
In this course sequence, students will integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained throughout the curriculum to the practice of pharmacy. These courses develop skills in communication and in identifying and assessing drug therapy problems using principles of patient assessment, physical assessment, and knowledge of drug therapy and devices. Students will demonstrate these skills and apply drug therapy problem-solving strategies to the pharmacists' patient care process.

PPRAD 1781: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience-Community

Credits 9.0
This experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience in a variety of patient-oriented services in community practice. In addition to medication dispensing, students will focus on drug therapy assessment and intervention, identification, resolution, and prevention of drug related problems, education, and communication with patients and other healthcare professionals. Students may participate in additional services such as extemporaneous compounding, administration of immunizations, health screenings, and medication therapy and disease state management.

PPRAD 1782: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience-Health-Systems/Institutional

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience in institutional practice or other system of integrated pharmacy services. Emphasis is placed on systems to promote safe and effective medication use to optimize patient outcomes. In addition to medication order processing, preparation, and distribution, students will focus on drug-use decision-making processes, individual patient drug therapy monitoring, formulary management, and communication with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1784: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience-Ambulatory Care

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience related to practice in a specific clinical specialty. Emphasis will be placed on participating in an interprofessional healthcare team, drug therapy assessment and intervention, patient care activities, and monitoring of outcomes in various patient populations. In addition, students will participate in drug therapy interventions, identify drug related problems, develop therapeutic care plans, and effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1785: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience-Patient Care

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience related to practice in a specific clinical specialty. Emphasis will be placed on participating in an interprofessional healthcare team, drug therapy assessment and intervention, patient care activities, and monitoring of outcomes in various patient populations. In addition, students will participate in drug therapy interventions, identify drug related problems, develop therapeutic care plans, and effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1786: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience-Elective

Credits 9.0
This is an experience where students will gain an adequate breadth of knowledge, skills, and experiences specific to their chosen elective area. Pharmacy students may select from a list of electives with a variety of experiences such as an additional patient care elective (when available), industry, managed care pharmacy, academia, or pharmacy administration.

PPRAD 1787: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience-General Medicine/Acute Care

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience related to general medicine in an acute care setting. Emphasis is placed on participating in an interprofessional healthcare team, drug therapy assessment, patient care activities, and monitoring of outcomes in various patient populations. In addition, students will participate in drug therapy interventions, identify drug related problems, develop therapeutic care plans, and effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1793: Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Credits 3.0
This course focuses on the application of pharmacokinetic principles for the purpose of optimizing drug therapy. Lectures and workshops are used to learn the following principles: effects of disease and drug-drug interactions on pharmacokinetic parameters, initial loading and maintenance dosage regimen calculations, dosage adjustment for linear and nonlinear drugs, interplay between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, effects of extracorporeal elimination, and interpretation of serum drug concentrations.

PPRAD 1802: Community Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience in a variety of patient-oriented services in community practice. In addition to medication dispensing, students will focus on drug therapy assessment and intervention, identification, resolution, and prevention of drug-related problems, education, and communication with patients and other healthcare professionals. Students may participate in additional services such as administration of immunizations, blood pressure screenings, and medication therapy and disease state management.

PPRAD 1803: Hospital Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience in hospital practice or other system of integrated pharmacy services. Emphasis is placed on systems to promote safe and effective medication use to optimize patient outcomes. In addition to medication order processing, preparation, and distribution, students will focus on drug-use decision-making processes, individual patient drug therapy monitoring, formulary management, and communication with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1804: General Medicine Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience related to general medicine in an acute care setting. Emphasis is placed on participating in an interprofessional healthcare team, drug therapy assessment, patient care activities, and monitoring of outcomes in various patient populations. In addition, students will participate in drug therapy interventions, identify drug related problems, develop therapeutic care plans, and effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1805: Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience related to ambulatory care practice. Emphasis will be placed on participating in an interprofessional healthcare team, and sharing responsibility with patients, caregivers, and other healthcare professionals to achieve optimal drug therapy outcomes. In addition, students will participate in drug therapy assessment and intervention, identify drug related problems, develop therapeutic care plans, and effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1806: Clinical Specialty Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Credits 9.0
This practice experience will enable students to develop their skills and gain experience related to practice in a specific clinical specialty. Emphasis will be placed on participating in an interprofessional healthcare team, drug therapy assessment and intervention, patient care activities, and monitoring of outcomes in various patient populations. In addition, students will participate in drug therapy interventions, identify drug related problems, develop therapeutic care plans, and effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare professionals.

PPRAD 1807: Elective Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Credits 9.0
This is an experience where students will gain an adequate breadth of knowledge, skills, and experiences specific to their chosen elective area. Pharmacy students may select from a list of electives with a variety of patient-care or non-patient care experiences such as an additional clinical specialty (when available), managed care pharmacy, academia, or pharmacy administration.

PPRAD 1810: PharmD Seminar

Credits 4.0
This course provides the student an opportunity to review pharmacy-related concepts and clinical reasoning skills to prepare them to be successful, competent pharmacists that are able to contribute meaningfully to the profession. Topics covered will systematically address the NAPLEX® Competency Statements: Ensure Safe and Effective Pharmacotherapy and Health Outcomes; Safe and Accurate Preparation, Compounding, Dispensing, and Administration of Medications and Provision of Health Care Products.